Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a disorder that can develop in some people who have experienced or witnessed a shocking, frightening, dangerous, or otherwise traumatic event.
While PTSD is often associated with veterans, it can happen to anyone who has seen or experienced a traumatic event. An event does not have to be dangerous to be traumatic; for instance, the sudden, unexpected death of a loved one can also lead to PTSD.
It is normal to feel afraid during and after a traumatic situation, and most people will experience a range of different reactions afterwards, but for those with PTSD, these reactions don’t go away (in some cases, symptoms may not appear until years later). Symptoms can include:
- Flashbacks (reliving the trauma repeatedly)
- Experiencing physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating during flashbacks
- Bad dreams
- Frightening or negative intrusive thoughts
- Avoiding places, events, or objects that are reminders of the traumatic experience (especially if these places, events, or objects are otherwise benign)
- Avoiding thoughts or feelings related to the traumatic event
- Being easily startled
- Constantly feeling tense
- Difficulty sleeping
- Angry outbursts
- Exaggerated blame of self or others for the trauma
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Trouble remembering key features of the traumatic event
- Risky or destructive behavior
- Drug or alcohol abuse
- Feelings of depersonalization (feeling detached from one's self, as if observing instead of experiencing)
- Feelings of derealization (experiencing distance or distortion from one's self, as if things no longer feel real)
